Treat Periodontal Disease With Osseous Surgery

Osseous surgery is a fairly straight-forward periodontal procedure that isn’t overly invasive. This surgery is a dental procedure commonly used as the final step in treating periodontal disease.

Periodontal Disease is the result of infections and inflammation of the gums and bone that surround and support the teeth.

If left untreated, it can lead to serious dental issues, including gum recession and bone loss.

The procedure is performed by a periodontist, a dental specialist dealing with the gum area.

The surgery is a procedure done when:

1. You have gum pockets around a tooth or teeth that has not responded to other treatments, such as scaling and root planing, or a maintenance program.
2. These pockets between your teeth and gums create an environment where bacteria can thrive, leading to further damage if not addressed.

Here’s what to know about osseous surgery and how to treat that periodontal pocket once and for all.

Who Needs Osseous Surgery?

If you have periodontitis, you’ve likely had an initial exam and deep cleaning. Your dentist then performs a reevaluation to check for reduced pocket depths and bleeding around the gums.

If your pocket depths have not improved enough, or have gotten worse, your doctor may recommend osseous surgery as a treatment option. This procedure removes bacteria and helps reshape the bone, preventing further gum recession and protecting the tooth roots from exposure and damage.

[Related: Endodontic Surgery – Root Amputation vs. Apicoectomy]

Osseous Surgical Procedure

Osseous surgery is a procedure designed to improve oral health by removing bacteria and reshaping the bone. It creates a shallower pocket, making it harder for aggressive bacteria to thrive.

The surgery involves a deep cleaning of the root surface and smoothing out uneven bone caused by periodontitis.

By eliminating bacteria and infection, it helps stop the progression of periodontal disease and prevents further damage.

As a result, this procedure supports long-term oral health, helping you maintain a healthy mouth, body, and smile.

Surgical Process

The osseous surgery process itself takes about an hour to an hour and a half per quadrant of the mouth.

The length of surgery depends on:

• The size of the area that needs cleaning
• Whether the patient needs bone grafting or guided tissue regeneration

Step-by-Step Process

1. Patients are awake for the procedure, but the doctor will give you local anesthesia. Many people think of osseous surgery as an extra deep cleaning procedure.
2. After numbing the area, the doctor will then open up the gum tissue around the area to be treated, lifting it away from the teeth and underlying bone.
3. This allows the doctor access and direct vision of the bone and tooth root surface. Using hand-powered instruments and tools, the doctor will clean and smooth the root surface and bone surrounding the root.
4. The surface of the bone that is uneven (because of the destruction caused by the body’s response to a bacterial attack) is smoothed. This is to make a better surface for repair and development of a healthy attachment system.
5. After the roots have been cleaned and the bone has been reshaped, the gum tissue is trimmed to match the new underlying structure and stitched in place.

[Related: Five Signs You May Need Endodontic Surgery]

Bone Grafting

In some cases, patients may need bone grafting with or without guided tissue regeneration membrane (which is placed to act as a barrier preventing gum from growing down into the pocket).

Periodontitis causes bone loss. If your disease has eaten away bone causing deep gum pockets, bone grafting may be done to help regenerate some of the bone you have lost. Bone grafting may sound scary, but it is basically:

• Bone particles (synthetic, bovine, or human) that look like sand
• Mixed with antibiotics and placed into the area where you’ve lost bone
• Your body begins to heal the area, thereby incorporating your own bone and regenerating some of the bone density you have lost.

Once the area has been cleaned, smoothed, and any necessary tissue trimming or bone grafting is done, the doctor will stitch everything into place to complete the osseous procedure. This helps stabilize the area and supports the healing process.

[Related: What is Tissue Grafting?]

Post-Surgical Healing

During the post-surgical healing phase, a doctor will prescribe pain medication along with antibiotic and antibacterial mouthwash.

Stitches will either fall out on their own, or be removed 7 to 21 days after surgery.

You’ll need to return to the periodontal office for a few follow-up visits to monitor your healing:

• Expect a check-up within a couple of weeks after surgery

• Another follow-up typically occurs 3 to 6 months later, to confirm full healing

• Most patients are able to return to normal activities as soon as the next day

You may find that a tooth or a few teeth appear longer in your mouth. This is due to the bone loss and removal of small amounts of tissue. This can occasionally result in:

• Root sensitivity
• Food impaction, depending on the severity of the disease.

You can treat sensitivity issues with applications of fluoride or using a sensitivity gel or toothpaste.

[Related: How To Deal With Tooth Pain]

Home Care Instructions

After surgery, you’ll receive detailed home care instructions from the office. These will cover how to keep the surgical area clean, what foods to avoid, and how to support the healing process at home.

For the first couple of days, try to eat foods that are cold or at room temperature. It’s also important to stick to foods that are:

• Soft in texture
• Low in fiber
• Easy to digest
• Avoid hot, spicy, acidic, or crunchy foods.

We recommend:

• Eggs
• Room temperature oatmeal
• Yogurt
• Room temperature pasta
• Milkshakes

Avoid drinking out of a straw, as well as smoking and spitting for about five days.

It is important to remember that osseous surgery is a dental procedure designed to restore and protect bone and gum tissue affected by periodontal disease. With consistent oral hygiene and regular dental care, you can help prevent the return of deep periodontal pockets that could otherwise lead to tooth loss.

If you have any further questions about osseous surgery, or if you’d like to schedule an appointment, contact Cascadia Dental Specialists today!